Software It used $120 worth of electronics components, as outlined in the September 1973 issue of hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? The handbook is complemented by two companion documents: Microcomputers in Transit: A Software Handbook, and Microcomputers in According to an independent computer-industry analyst, the new Regent Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. data. The Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) project, led by IBM engineer Wallace Eckert, uses both relays and vacuum tubes to process scientific data at the rate of 50 14 x 14 digit multiplications per second. Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intels Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications mesh. Caltech researchers used this supercomputer prototype for projects such as real-time processing of satellite images, and for simulating molecular models in AIDS research. Computer Science. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. The PET was popular with schools and for use as a home computer. Computers | Timeline of Computer History | Computer History Museum Designed by scientists and engineers at MITs Instrumentation Laboratory, the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is the culmination of years of work to reduce the size of the Apollo spacecraft computer from the size of seven refrigerators side-by-side to a compact unit weighing only 70 lbs. The PowerBook 170 was the high-end model, featuring an active matrix display, faster processor, as well as a floating point unit. What type of web-based creation is produced when a teacher has art students sketchnoting about a visiting artist's lecture? The Simon 1 used relay logic and cost about $600 to build. The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. Microsoft founded - HISTORY The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. The EDSAC project was led by Cambridge professor and director of the Cambridge Computation Laboratory, Maurice Wilkes. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the . It managed Japan's first on-line, real-time reservation system for Kinki Nippon Railways in 1960. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. Based on the Intel 8008 microprocessor, the Micral is one of the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computers. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. The Pentium is the fifth generation of the x86 line of microprocessors from Intel, the basis for the IBM PC and its clones. What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? The first VAIO, a desktop computer, featured an additional 3D interface on top of the Windows 95 operating system as a way of attracting new users. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. The C64, as it is better known, sells for $595, comes with 64 KB of RAM and features impressive graphics. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. microcomputer: A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC , a computer designed for an individual. The Nova line of computers continued through the 1970s, and influenced later systems like the Xerox Alto and Apple 1. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Back in the 80s and 90s, the home computing revolution led to a huge number of microcomputers hitting the market across the world. Xerox wasnt interested. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. This was the first program in history to run on a digital, electronic, stored-program computer. This is a list of early microcomputers sold to hobbyists and developers. For easy replacement, designers placed each transistor circuit inside a "bottle," similar to a vacuum tube. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. The machine was noted for its ease-of-use and included a 'manual' that contained only a few pictures and less than 20 words. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. The TRS-80 was priced at $599.95, included a Z80 microprocessor, video display, 4 KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette storage, and easy-to-understand manuals that assumed no prior knowledge on the part of the user. What is the function of an IEP generator? Apple's Macintosh Portable meets with little success in the marketplace and leads to a complete redesign of Apple's line of portable computers. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. Accept data (input) 2. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1 Flashcards The system was kept at NASA Ames Research Center until 2013, when it was removed to make way for two new supercomputers. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). MIS 3371 Management information systems - Chegg Its Williams-Kilburn tube memory system was later adopted by several other early computer systems around the world. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. It was one of the first commercially available relational database management systems for microcomputers. Demand called for more than 12,000 of the 1401 computers, and the machines success made a strong case for using general-purpose computers rather than specialized systems. The first microcomputers (images) - CNET The 6502 and its progeny are still used today, usually in embedded applications. Apple introduces their first ultra notebook a light, thin laptop with high-capacity battery. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube which was the first high-speed electronic random access memory for computers. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). It was widely used in DEC's workstations and servers, as well as several supercomputers like the Chinese Sunway Blue Light system, and the Swiss Gigabooster. The Central processing unit (CPU) serves as the primarily processing component of a computer system. VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. The typical PDP-1 computer system, which sells for about $120,000, includes a cathode ray tube graphic display, paper tape input/output, needs no air conditioning and requires only one operator; all of which become standards for minicomputers. MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) prototype. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. Within a year, he had built the worlds first laser printer, launching a new era in computer printing, generating billions of dollars in revenue for Xerox. A driver education teacher might use this kind of software to let students "practice" driving before actually getting in a car. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. For research, Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) supplied the components, and 50 original LINCs were made. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. The iPad combines many of the popular capabilities of the iPhone, such as built-in high-definition camera, access to the iTunes Store, and audio-video capabilities, but with a nine-inch screen and without the phone. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. By the early 1990s, Dell became one of the leading computer retailers. The HP-35 helped HP become one of the most dominant companies in the handheld calculator market for more than two decades. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. . Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. What type of software allows teachers and students in different locations to use it to create, edit, and share documents at the same time over the Internet? CHAPTER 5 QUESTION 1 1. In 1939, Bell Telephone Laboratories completes this calculator, designed by scientist George Stibitz. University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester "Baby." Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. Created almost five years after the original Apple II, Franklin's Ace 1000 main logic board is nearly identical to that in the Apple II+ computer, and other models were later cloned as well. VisiCalc was released in 1979 and quickly became a must-have tool for business users. Term. Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. Until the year 2000, it was the world's fastest supercomputer, able to achieve peak performance of 1.3 teraflops, (about 1.3 trillion calculations per second). The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and it performed essential work for the US atomic weapons program. Chapter 3: Computer Software Flashcards | Quizlet Its price was $2,500. The Moore School Building at the University of Pennsylvania. SWTPC introduces many computer kits based on the Motorola 6800, and later, the 6809. The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. Altair 8800 Microcomputer | National Museum of American History The micro has to have a real . These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. Be, founded by former Apple executive Jean Louis Gasse and a number of former Apple, NeXT and SUN employees, releases their only product the BeBox. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. The device was considered the earliest non-kit personal computer. IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. The PROMs contained a disk operating system, allowing. The Arduino used a Java-based integrated development environment and users could access a library of programs, called Wiring, that allowed for simplified programming. Building a computer into the watch form factor has been attempted many times but the release of the Apple Watch leads to a new level of excitement. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. The Nest would remember what temperature users preferred by training itself to monitor daily use patterns for a few days then adopting that pattern as its new way of controlling home temperature. Gene Amdahl, father of the IBM System/360, starts his own company, Amdahl Corporation, to compete with IBM in mainframe computer systems. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory. An ecologist, for example, could sprinkle thousands of motes from the air onto a field and measure soil and air temperature, moisture, and sunlight, giving them accurate real-time data about the environment. Chuck Peddle leads a small team of former Motorola employees to build a low-cost microprocessor. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Which of the following is not a benefit offered by simulations? It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. They did. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). The Mark 1 produced mathematical tables but was soon superseded by electronic stored-program computers. He is the creator of the first consumer flight simulator software. The NeXT had three Motorola microprocessors and 8 MB of RAM. The fastest machine of its day, The Cray-1's speed comes partly from its shape, a "C," which reduces the length of wires and thus the time signals need to travel across them. The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. The success of the Portable inspired many other early IBM-compatible computers. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. It developed a very loyal following while add-on components allowed it to be upgraded easily. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. In 1983 Zojirushi introduced a rice cooker that was among the first consumer-oriented products to rely on fuzzy logic. This is likely the first example of remote access computing. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. . During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. History of computing hardware (1960s-present) - Wikipedia The Canadian Chalk River Nuclear Lab needed a special device to monitor a reactor. What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? Which two kinds of software are designed primarily for use by individuals rather than by groups of students? One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed.
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