For example, in Virginia, "there are seventy-two crimeswhich, if committed by a black man, subject him to the punishment of death; while only two of the same crimes will subject a white man to the like punishment". Not only will people need to know where you got your evidence, they might even want to see it. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Taking a long view, Douglass judged that there was no greater danger to the elevation of black people and the integration of America than this spirit of alienation. [11] Douglass, Speech at the American Anti-Slavery Society, May 11, 1847, in The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, Vol. There are four types of argumentative claims: claims of fact, claims of value, claims of policy, and claims of cause and effect. A claim is an argument in statement form. Q&A Expert 3 851 answers 4.8 rating He acknowledges that some can debate him Explanation: Quick expert help Get an expert answer for 15 minutes IV, p. 63. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his . The following sentence frames helped out my students considerably: First Contrasting Transition +Name the Opposition +Strong Verb + Opposing Point of View +Evidence + Analysis + Second Contrasting Transition + Reference the Opposing Point of View + Turn, However, But, Admittedly, Although, Alternatively, Strong Verbs + Denial/Assertion or Assertion, Denial:reject, oppose, disagree, question, doubt thisview andAssertion:argue that, reason that, claim that, support, conclude that. [20] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, in Life and Writings, Vol. TheEight Writing Process Essays(printables and 170 Google slides) each feature an on-demand diagnostic essay assessment, writing prompt with connected reading, brainstorming, graphic organizer, response, revision, and editing activities. The more difficult ones were put in place by Douglass in order to provide a deep and profound statement, without arousing too much opposition. All rights reserved. Counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence. It is difficult to challenge the accuracy of the first hand account offered. All measures devisedto allay and diminish the antislavery agitation, have only served to increase, intensify, and embolden that agitation.[22]. He barely knew his mother, who died shortly before or after he turned eight years old. Shubhra Mohanty June 09, 2022 (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? In fact, weve already writtenour argumentative essays on whether Phoebe was a good friend to Sal. Of course the writing prompt is a bit more complex. How does learning to read and write change Douglas, as he outlines in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave? how does douglass refute this counterclaim? 202203 (emphasis added). Kimberly has taught Reading/Language Arts to intermediate and middle school students and holds a Master's Degree. An education can open doors that were once closed. IV, p. 68. and the excerpt from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass In paragraph 5, (a) What does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his IV, p. 302. [62] Abraham Lincoln, Annual Message to Congress, December 1, 1862, in Abraham Lincoln: His Speeches and Writings, ed. Douglasss suggestions in these remarks about the proper way to conceive of reparation for slavery nicely encapsulate his political thought in the postwar period and indeed throughout his entire career. [26] Douglass, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies, pp. [5] As Abraham Lincoln and many others have observed, the claim that the Founders regarded blacks or nonwhites as beings lacking equal natural rights is altogether false. I, ed. How did Douglas remove his residual doubts about his fear of water? We want no black Ireland in America, he warned in response to the Supreme Courts disappointing ruling in the Civil Rights Cases in 1883no American counterpart to the aggrieved, unproductive, disproportionately criminal (under)class that Douglass viewed as the natural issue of Englands injustice. Is there a solution for how to address or resolve the issue going forward? how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - medialist.cz He makes an eloquent case for slavery as an evil and indefensible institution, and he points out as well that it corrupts whites to have such immense power over other human beings. V, p. 625. Passage of the bill would signify, he contended, at least a recognition of a great national duty towards a people to whom an immeasurable debt is due. The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. Space permits here only a brief sketch of Douglasss singularly remarkable life story, which sheds much light on the formation of his political philosophy. Protagoras was a Greek philosopher who is widely considered the father of argument and debate. Open Document. Up from Alienation: Douglasss Abolitionist Years, Speaking to the Garrisonian American Anti-Slavery Society in 1847, a youthful Douglass posed a poignant question and supplied a dispiriting answer. Douglass made these particular remarks in a speech at the dedication of an industrial education institution in the state of Virginia, but they represent an extension of his broader advocacy, in this period, of a federally established system of public schools. But he makes it equally clear that slavery was not successful in achieving this aim. June 14, 2022 The conclusion ties to the claim and. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. In it, he articulated in an unforgettable manner the core meaning and mission of America, drawing inspiration, he said, from the magnificent words of the nations two great founding documents, the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. An effective argumentative essay utilizes the following four components of an argument: The claim is the author's central argument that they are trying to persuade the audience to believe. A broad array of racially freighted social problems persists and even intensifies in the postCivil Rights Era, in the face of which the ideals of the civil rights cause cannot be said to have been fully realized. "The demographics of the death row population show a racial bias as well. 380382. 9, Sala 89, Brusque, SC, 88355-20. Key Items Necessary: 1 - Transition. But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. It made of Americans one glorious and homogeneous people (as Douglass said of the Emancipation Proclamation)[30] and elevated America to its rightful place among nations as exemplar of the humanitarian spirit of the age. [45] Two things are noteworthy about this proposal. Slavery was established by religious law. Introduction--The introduction of a five-paragraph essay is one paragraph. keep that person in prison for all of his or her natural life" (Spangenberg and Walsh 15). position? work!!! He also goes on to say a number of other things that basically establish that slaves live an easy and good life compared to others. Objecting to the efforts of some white benevolent societies, he urged his black compatriots indignantly to reject any condition of dependence: A new condition has brought new duties. Seeking such a consummation, Douglass hurled himself into political activism throughout the 1850s. Of the Blair bill, he insisted that the Negro needs it, the illiterate white needs it and the nation needs it.[56] Arguing in 1872 against racial segregation in public schools, Douglass described his purpose as patriotic as well as beneficent, on the premise that the public schools should function as a common platform of nationality.[57] Any measure that authorizes or deepens ones self-identification in predominantly racial terms is to be opposed, he maintained, insisting that race is a morally arbitrary quality. This meant first the reintegration of a country still badly divided by sectionalism in the immediate aftermath of the war. [61] Douglass, Why Is the Negro Lynched? in Life and Writings, Vol. What counterclaim does Douglass address in his dpeech in From - Answers In the book called The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, he attempts to shine light on the American Slave system in the 1800s. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,did the mistress's initial kindness or her eventual cruelty have a greater effect on Frederick Douglass? prepaid financial services wolverhampton; lecture analytique petit pays chapitre 23. naval special warfare command quarterdeck; where is wildwood soda made; frankenstein chapter 5 literary devices; jacob degrom haircut video; how to clean beswood meat slicer; 364366. While this quote is from a credible source (Carolina Justice Policy Center) and provides factual evidence, the evidence is not relevant to the specific claim and reasoning provided. It was above all in Americas original and unforgettable dedication to those principles that Douglass found reason to love and identify with his country, despite the injustices that he and his people had suffered. Even Christianity was corrupted by slavery, he points out. The analysis of the under discussion autobiography indicates a lot of major universal themes and human exploitation is one of them. I feel like its a lifeline. The central or overall claim of an argumentative essay is also known as the thesis. Latest answer posted September 30, 2016 at 3:50:30 PM. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Masterplots II: African American Literature Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself Analysis, Critical Context (Masterplots II: African American Literature), Critical Context (Critical Edition of Young Adult Fiction), Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, Written by Himself, Frederick Douglass. In like manner, the election of Barack Obama as President might be viewed as the culminating, climactic event of the Civil Rights Era, signifying the advent of a post-racial America and vindicating once and for all the mainstream, integrationist tradition in AfricanAmerican political thought lately exemplified by King. Why, then, did Douglass speak as harshly as he did? For example, this argument misses the key point that. [4] Thurgood Marshall, Speech at the Annual Seminar of the San Francisco Patent and Trademark Law Association, May 6, 1987, at http://www.thurgoodmarshall.com/speeches/constitutional_speech.htm (November 8, 2010). In all this talk of race, the motive may be good, but the method is bad. What is remarkable, then, is not that Douglass felt alienated from his country for most of the 1840s, but rather that, by the force of his character and intellect, he overcame this alienation as rapidly and thoroughly as he did. He states, The offence for which this girl was thus murdered was this: She had been set that night to mind Mrs. Hickss baby, and during the night she fell asleep, and the baby cried. This anecdote, among many others, is helpful in persuading the reader to understand the severity of rule slaveholders hold above their slaves. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Today we're going to learn about the parts of an argument necessary to win one! But in 1804 the North voted to abolish slavery but the South refused making states escape the union.Slavery in the South had an effect on the economy, but also on the slaves.Frederick Douglass, who was once a slave with his family in Maryland suffered greatly, but still pushed on and finally escaped and became a national leader of the abolition in the south movement.He made a narrative about his life as a slave and stated that the purpose of the narrative is to throw light on the American slave system.The goal of this paper is to discuss three aspects his narrative discusses that he throws light on, his position against the feelings of defenders of, The Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass is the story of Frederick Douglass life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. [30] Life and Writings, Vol. [23] See especially Douglass, The Doom of the Black Power, July 27, 1855, in Life and Writings, Vol. a) the regulation of business protected consumers. He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. After giving your reason, if your mom is anything like mine, she'll probably say, 'So?' Douglasss arguments on this subject extended back to his early abolitionist years, when he saw very clearly that slaves natural rights to liberty were fundamentally identical with their natural rights to propertywith their natural properties in their own persons, in their own labor, and in the fruits of that laborand that the fundamental evil of slavery was to deprive them, at once, of both. It was just what I wanted, and. Counterclaim - Argumentative Essay - Kennett Middle School Library In 2016, slavery has become a distant memory. . What does Frederick Douglass mean when he says "Bread of Knowledge"? Evidence - something that proves the truth of a claim, or leads to a . He attempts to demonstrate this in the Narrative by describing some of the horrific experiences he witnessed. How many masters did Frederick Douglass have? The specific nature of slaverys worst wrongs, however, suggested a more definite approach. work!!! [34] Douglass, Let the Negro Alone, May 11, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. IV, p. 459. This is called the counterclaim. 29 plumtrees road newtown, ct; popular subdivision names; how to cite the implicit association test Latest answer posted July 17, 2016 at 4:13:08 PM. Slavery not only expropriated the fruits of its victims labor, but also assaulted the moral and mental faculties by which, once freed, they might otherwise have put their labor to profitable and elevating uses. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass is thrown into a new world of knowledge and opportunity, once he learns how to read and write. The reasons of an argument are the reasoning or logical proof provided to prove the argument. He was appealing to the public to honor those victims claim for a slight measure of compensation in a fashion carefully tailored to their needs and to the deepest of the wrongs that they had suffered. work!! Covey as an event that "revived within me a sense of my own manhood". Making a claim is just a fancy way of saying that you're stating your main point. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? His emphasis on property rights grounded in productive, opportunistic laboring went hand-in-hand with a respect for blacks equal capacity for cultivating and perfecting the self-elevating virtues. of people, -two football teams competing for State Champion. A claim tells what you think is true about a topic based on your knowledge and your research. Speed swimmers have made (alot/a lot) of progress since the 1924 Olympics. He says of Sophia Auld, "Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me" (page 28). For example, one popular reason in support of the claim about banning capital punishment is that capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison. In a more formal way, she might say, 'Your current situation does not require a new cell phone.' These will speak for him. IV, p. 68 (emphasis in original). Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. He understands that education is his only way out of slavery. Sophia Auld, described as "a woman of the kindest heart and finest feelings," nevertheless became "even more violent in her opposition than her husband himself" after her husband convinced her that slaves should not be taught to read. So, not only does the author work on proving their claim, but they work on disproving the counterclaim or opposition's argument. Writing before slaves were freed in the United States, Douglass' main objective in the Narrative is to dispel any notion that slavery is good for those enslaved. The Declarations affirmation, as self-evident truths, of the principles that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness is now commonly read as a declaration only of the rights of propertied white males. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the author makes a claim (argument) and then attempts to persuade their audience to believe their claim through reasons, evidence, and the addressing of counterclaims. The function of a claim is to provide the author's argument. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - daxasys.com On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.[16], Building on the ingenious arguments of the 19th-century legal theorist Lysander Spooner, Douglass argued that the passages in the Constitutions text that admit of some ambiguity, such as the clauses commonly held to concern slavery, must be interpreted in light of the larger ends or objects of the Constitution as set forth in the Preamble. His evidence for this claim is that when he first meets her in Baltimore, she is a very kind woman. Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. It will tell that people and all others that the nation has the disposition if not entire ability to do the Negro right and justice.[54]. The overall claim for an essay is also known as the thesis and can be found in the introduction of the essay. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. In his reasonable faith in their ultimate triumph in America, Douglass found an enormous reservoir of strength that he labored to share with others. Frederick Douglass's speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" has many of the elements of a good argumentative structure. There he worked proudly as a day laborer and refined his oratorical powers, both as a lay preacher in New Bedfords African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and as a participant in the meetings of local black abolitionists. However a very courageous man, Frederick Douglass challenges those beliefs. Informative_Paragraph.pdf - Name: Kayla Valadez Date: Here is where the author has a bit of discretion over how to organize their essay. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. Dvidas? From that moment on, Frederick Bailey was resolved to escape slaveryor die trying. The first televised presidential debate took place between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon in 1960. Those who are skeptical of the claim of a post-racial America have a point. Later, he finds out that while the conditions are slightly better there is still a great deal of injustice. What evidence does he use to support his claim?" If you've ever said this or something like it, you've made a claim. The evils which are now crushing the Negro to earth have their root and sap, their force and mainspring, in this narrow spirit of race and color and the Negro has no more right to excuse or to foster it than men of any other race. IV, ed. How does Douglass refute this counterclaim? After the hook, there is a transition statement (or statements) that connects the hook to the author's thesis. [7] I develop this argument at length in Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism (Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 2008). When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. Roy P. Basler (Cambridge, Mass. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Not as Ethiopians, not as Caucasians, not as Mongolians, not as AfroAmericans, or AngloAmerican are we addressed but as men. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. Add an answer. The question that has with stood the test of time is, are these encounters that have been written out, exaggerated or the whole truth and nothing but the truth? In the early 1800s Frederick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, and grew up on Colonial Edward Lloyds plantation. Although the election meant that a new order of eventsis now fairly opening upon the country, he reserved judgment as to just how significant a change was in prospect. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. Douglass' primary claim in his narrative is that a nation predicated upon individual freedom cannot allow slavery to exist. He in a sense manipulates the children around him into teaching him how to read and write. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you II, p. 360. -it allows the student to prove his/her point even further by refuting a misconception. Working with the above claim and reasoning (the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison), below is an example of strong evidence and weak evidence to support the claim and reason. 9, how does Douglass come to know the date? Hannover Turismo It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. This is an effective counterclaim because it disagrees with the claim (stating that it should not be banned) and provides reasoning that disproves it (that it provides closure). This grand achievement taught Douglass something, as he says, From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. These were indeed terrible enough; but deeper down, and more terrible still, were the mental and moral wrongs that slavery inflicted. To be deprived of the vote in America, or in any democracy, he continued, is to suffer a double injustice. Douglass publicly announced his change of opinion in the spring of 1851, but his most powerful statement of his revised view appears, fittingly enough, in his speech at an Independence Day celebration in 1852. What country have I? he asked, a member of a race placed outside the protections of law, and answered, I have no patriotism. Standing in the foreground of the Lincoln Memorial nearly 50 years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered the most famous speech by any American in the 20th century. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. When he spoke those words he was less than 10 years removed from the depredations of slavery, and the position he took in that 1847 speech reiterates the signature doctrine of his early Garrisonian mentors, for whom condemnation of the Constitution as a villainous compromise with slavery represented an article of abolitionist faith. Douglass attempts to show us how African American slaves were still human beings like their white counterparts, there have been numerous instances where it is shown that many whites did not want to accept slaves as true humans. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? The three other claims are up for debate and need to be supported by a lot more reasoning and evidence in order to persuade an audience to believe the argument. If someone conceded a point, did he or she continue to argue against it? For example, This evidence may be true; however, the objection does not change the fact that. Douglass states that "scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed." Douglass proposed the chartering of a national land and loan company empowered to purchase available tracts of land and then to resell or lease those lands to members of the newly emancipated class. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the writer tries to persuade a particular audience that their claim or point of view is correct. Dont pick a straw man. In other words, dont pick a weak opposing argument that is too easy to refute. Soon after his master discovers this, and commences the teaching at once. With the election of the first Republican President in 1860, Douglasss hopeful predictions would soon be vindicated, but this was not what he initially expected of an Abraham Lincoln Administration. Soon enough after AfricanAmericans gained the vote, Douglass believed, the interests of white politicians and voters would overcome their prejudices; blacks would be courted by the leaders of all parties, and their rights and interests would be recognized in law and policy.[41]. No class of men can, without insulting their own nature, be content without it. To this day, Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe preeminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. A reader can see bleak picture of black slavery from the narration of Frederick Douglass who confronts brutal conduct of white masters throughout his childhood. A counterclaim is the argument (or one of the arguments) opposing your thesis statement. His life was transformed yet again in August 1841, when the nations foremost abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, heard him speak at meetings in New Bedford and Nantucket, Massachusetts, and promptly offered him a position as a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Let us consider first the difficulties. For radical critics, Americas betrayals of the ideals of liberty and equality for all are betrayals in the nations founding principles rather than betrayals of them. What counterclaim does Douglass address in his dpeech in From what to the slave is the 4th of July? III, p. 418. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave - eNotes All I ask is, give him a chance to stand on his own legs! Douglas first swam alone in the pool to remove his residual doubts about his fear of water. An effective argumentative essay addresses what the other side might say and explains why that point of view is wrong. Human nature cannot honor one who is helpless, Douglass had observed long before, but it is bound to respect those who display a forceful, virtuous self-reliance. This technique helps to make the argument more effective by strengthening the claim being made. Central to the question of the wars larger moral legacy was the fate of those with whom he peculiarly identified: those lately emancipated.