For SAE-sized lug nuts, the most common thread pitches are: To find the thread pitch for metric threads, count the number of threads within a 1-mm section of the stud. So use a set of digital calipers instead. - Tire Pressure Scan QR code to get our app on Google Play or AppStore: Info Filter . Outside Diameter: 1.312" x 1.065". 2022 Porsche Macan Lug Nut Sockets & Wrenches. Our Wheel Size app is now available in App Store and Play Store! Lug Nut Torque: 160 Nm Rim Width: 8" (203.2 mm) Wheel Offset: 21 mm (positive) Backspace: 135 mm / 5.33" Tyre Specs Tyre Specs: 235/60ZR18 5W Sidewall Height: 60% (141 mm) Load Index: 5 Speed Rating: W (270 km/h) Tyre Pressure: 2.3 bar / 33.4 PSI Wheel Diameter: 739 mm / 29.1" Circumference: 2322 mm Revs/km: 431 Wheel to Tyre Ratio: 86.47% R18 Install our widget on your website! Porsche: All other models: 1972-2005: 95 ft-lbs: Porsche: Carrera GT: 2004-2005: 407 ft-lbs: Rolls Royce: All other models: 1989-2002: 50 ft-lbs: Rolls Royce: Parkwood/Seraph: The size of the hole in the center of a wheel is known as the center bore or centerbore. You may also refer to the owners manual of your car to determine its required torque specifications. This is the level of maximum permissible load on one wheel This product is made of high-quality materials to serve you for years to come. Universal Black Chrome Small Diameter Bolt Installation Tool by Gorilla Automotive. Hexagon bolt. Tightening torque. The tires included with a new vehicle when it is purchased. Follow the tightening and loosening pattern shown below. Porsche Macan Lug Nut Sockets & Wrenches - CARiD They are also referred to as wheel locks. Lug nuts are placed onto the stud on top of the wheel. Install our widget on your website! UNF - Unified National Fine Thread, 215 is the tire width in mm Common signs include the speedometer needle wavering or not moving, squealing noises behind the dashboard, and the Check Engine Light coming on. In case you don't want to spend hours looking for your certain model] measurements of bolt pattern, you can always use this website. Quantity: 24 Pieces. Tightening and loosening patterns: Tire pressure is a vehicle's recommended cold tire inflation pressure. odd lug nut torque question . Most manufacturers recommend re-torquing lug nuts after 50 to 100 miles of driving regularly. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Purchase a set of wheel locks to prevent your wheels from getting stolen. Please select the 2015 Porsche Macan vehicle modifications below and check tables to get wheel size, tire size, bolt pattern (PCD), rim offset and other wheel fitment parameters. But it might be helpful to know the procedure in case you may have to do it on your own. What do you guys torque your lug nuts to? Packaging Type: Bag. Please note, you should always tighten your lug nuts in the correct sequence to prevent warping your wheel. setting was 96 ft/lb. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. The three most common wrenching types are: Among the three, hex lug nuts are the most common and popular. Porsche Panamera E-Hybrid Sport Turismo lug nut sizes, Porsche Panamera Sport Turismo lug nut sizes, Porsche Cayenne E-Hybrid Coupe lug nut sizes, Porsche Taycan Cross Turismo lug nut sizes, Porsche Taycan Sport Turismo lug nut sizes. - Rear axle. This Wheel Lug Torque Chart is collected information from many different resources to get you as much up to date specs as possible. The vehicle is raised and supported on jack stands The wheels are installed and the lug nut installed by hand then only tightened enough to hold the wheel snugly The vehicle is lowered off of the jack stands till the wheel just touches the ground and torque the lug nuts to specifications in a star pattern Reply to post Mark Thread Unread Flat Reading Mode Wheel nut torque settings. Rim width (inches) x rim diameter (inches), ISO standard Ex. 2018 Porsche Macan - Wheel & Tire Sizes, PCD, Offset and Rims specs : 9/16" - 18 UNF Quantity: 1 Piece. 8.8. The information for the selected market will be open by default. The widget is easy to use, it has a user-friendly interface and powerful Widget API! As already mentioned, the size and model of a lug nut vary according to the vehicle and the axle. 340 hp @ 5500 rpm. This product is made of high-quality materials to serve you Universal Black Chrome Small Diameter Standard Installation Tool by Gorilla Automotive. Menu. 3.0L Twin-Turbo V6 Gas. But we have another option for you informative and neat charts, that were prepared by our specialists. Made with in Silicon Valley. Search Form for vehicle model, tire size or rims, Switch to LT-High Flotation Tire Sizing System, Backspacing, Min-Max Offset, Tire Weight and other. By properly, we mean with a torque wrench that tightens the nuts to the manufacturers specification. - Front axle Wheel lug torque spec OEM recommendation of 6.7 quarts of oil seems awfully high. Many open-ended lug nuts are zinc-plated to resist corrosion. Gorilla provides a full-line of washers covering virtually every application. Many workshops simply use air wrenches that frequently over tighten the lug nuts. 2022 Porsche Macan Lug Nut Wrenches & Sockets CARiD.com Seat Angle: 60 Deg. We simply referred to it as Copper Paste, and applied it to every clean lug nut stud (male threads only). Gorilla Automotive Chrome Radius/Ball Seat Lug Bolt. Please select the 2020 Porsche Macan vehicle modifications below and check tables to get wheel size, tire size, bolt pattern (PCD), rim offset and other wheel fitment parameters. It is measured in bars or PSI (pounds per square inch). Handling: Right Hand Thread. Pick Up In-Store. The cost of getting damaged rotors repaired or replaced can be quite expensive. Wheel Bolts by Dorman. Porsche Design, 718, 911, Spyder, Carrera, Targa, Tiptronic, Porsche Speedster, Macan, Varioram, VarioCam, Boxster, Cayenne, Porsche Cayenne, Cayman, Panamera, Taycan, Tequipment, "Porsche . All Rights Reserved. You have to remember that the wheel bolt pattern can`t be changed as it is specific for a certain car. $2.90. To find out the thread pitch, you have to count the number of threads within a 1-inch section of the stud. Packaging Type: Bulk. Universal Chrome Radius/Ball Seat Lug Bolt by Gorilla Automotive. Wheel Bolts by Dorman. Of course then the studs start snappin when you remove them. Outside Diameter: 1.125". YourMechanic All rights reserved. : 7J x 15 Tightening Torque Nm (ftlb) Crankcase Girdle (studs) M 12 x 1.5 1st . 2020 Porsche Macan - Wheel & Tire Sizes, PCD, Offset and Rims specs | Wheel-Size.com Wheel- Size.com The world's largest wheel fitment database. Hex Size: 19mm. Torquing your cars lug nuts to the correct specifications is important in securing your safety. But it could be avoided by following the right torque specifications. The widget is easy to use, it has a user-friendly interface and powerful Widget API! What are you working on today? Dorman Auto Grade 13.98" L-Bar Lug Wrench (711-900) 0 . Tightening all my lug nuts today (2001 996 C4) and every wheel had one lug that was not anywhere near the correct torque. Useful articles fast to read and guides easy to understand written by mechanics and car enthusiasts to turn your shopping experience with CARiD into a pleasure. And, it's always a good idea to have a couple extras on hand. Gorilla also offers hard-to-find specialty lugs Universal Duallie Washer by Gorilla Automotive. Can You Drive a Long Distance With a Plugged Tire. Nm. You can achieve a show-quality shine with a chrome-plated finish. When it comes to your wheels, dont take chances. What is the torque on Porsche wheel nuts? - Sage-Advices Porsche Macan Lug Nut Sockets & Wrenches. Every car has a recommended torque figure for the lug nuts. Dormans Wheel Bolts are Universal Radius/Ball Seat Lug Bolts by Dorman. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Check out how you can use our fitment data on your websites and apps. Source for tire and wheel application fitment data. Also, can't take the time to google what type of gas I should use, or read the manual, can u guys assist? Everything else will be visible but collapsed. 16 - diameter of the wheel (disk) in inches. A lug nut or a wheel nut is a fastener that secures the wheel to the vehicle. - Recommended for winter Tightening the lug nuts in these patterns will properly seat the rim against the hub as you apply torque. But if you have no experience in using one, you may overdo it and end up damaging the wheel studs. To ensure that stress is distributed evenly, it is advised to work in either a crisscross or star pattern. Nominal diameter (mm) x pitch (mm), UN-series Ex. In regards to the rattling noise, without being there to test drive the vehicle and hearing the noise; it's impossible for us to Porsche Macan Electric Problems Inspection, Porsche Macan Clean and Repack Wheel Bearing, Porsche Macan Engine is misfiring Inspection, Porsche Macan CV Axle / Shaft Assembly Replacement, Porsche Macan Parking brake won't release Inspection, Symptoms of a Bad or Failing Speedometer Cable, P2639 OBD-II Trouble Code: Torque Management Feedback Signal A Low, P0382 OBD-II Trouble Code: Glow Plug / Heater Circuit "B" Malfunction. Torquing lug nuts to the right torque and in the correct torque sequence is critical. You must use a torque wrench with the proper calibrations. Thats why it is essential to familiarize yourself with the lug nut torque spec chart to ensure that your wheels dont fall off. Quantity: 1 Piece. Gorilla provides a full-line of washers covering virtually every Universal Ford F-150 Center Hole Washer by Gorilla Automotive. Hex Size: 3/4". FILTER RESULTS. Inside Diameter: 0.695". Overall Length: 48.26 mm. Rim width (inches) x rim diameter (inches), ISO standard Ex. When it comes to your wheels, dont take chances. Universal Radius/Ball Seat Lug Bolts by Dorman. When it comes to your wheels, dont take chances. Choose the year of production of our Macan below for precise lug pattern information. Seat Angle: 60 Deg. There is a sequence best followed for tightening the lug nuts. Gorilla provides a full-line of washers covering virtually every Universal E-T Conical Offset Hole Washer by Gorilla Automotive. Lug nut torque. - Pelican Parts Forums 91 - load index. Inside Diameter: 0.81". Our experts already gathered all the data and converted it into readable charts. Inside Diameter: 0.695". How Much Torque to Remove Lug Nuts? The most comprehensive tire comparison tool suitable for cars, SUVs. 91 - load index. Shank Diameter: 0.236". You can download this entire chart by clicking, Please note, you should always tighten your lug nuts in the correct sequence to prevent warping your wheel. Quantity: 1 Piece. DIFFERENTIAL WAVETRAC. Wheel size, PCD, offset, and other specifications such as bolt pattern, thread size (THD), center bore (CB), trim levels for 2018 Porsche Macan. Top of control arm to body. Getting an accurate measurement with a tape measure can be difficult. Then move across, and then diagonally again. Please select the 2015 Porsche Macan vehicle modifications below and check tables to get wheel size, tire size, bolt pattern (PCD), rim offset and other wheel fitment parameters. Sorting. The world's largest wheel fitment database. They new. Self locking hexagon nut. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Location: Greater Metropolitan Nimrod, Orygun. Source for tire and wheel application fitment data. 10.9. Hexagon bolt. The most common thread measurements for lug nuts using Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) sizes are: The most common diameters for threads using the metric system are 12 mm and 14 mm. The tapered seat helps center the wheel while the nut is being tightened. We may earn a commission from links that lead to the Amazon site. Making sure that your vehicle has proper torque will only take you a few minutes. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. A sales region is a global automotive region in which a vehicle was officially sold or is still being sold. 339 lb-ft @ 1450 rpm. H&R offers a large selection of specialty wheel tightening bolts and lug nuts, available with a multitude of thread sizes and seat types. This is the level of maximum permissible load on one wheel Porsche introduced the higher wheel bolt torque (160Nm) when they started using black wheel bolts in MY2012. T - tire speed index, The method of attaching a wheel to a hub: wheel nuts or wheel bolts, The torque value specified by the manufacturer for wheel bolts or wheel nuts, which is to be set when tightening on the torque tool (torque setting). Source for tire and wheel application fitment data. 2015 Porsche Macan - Wheel & Tire Sizes, PCD, Offset and Rims specs I thought torque was an approximation to achieve a desired thread stretch, and since I'm using copper anti-seize on the threads, a lower torque will equal the same stretch. Inside Diameter: 0.635". Check out how you can use our fitment data on your websites and apps. Anybody heard about this change by Porsche? it is bad for that expensive precision measurement device called a torque wrench. This Wheel Lug Torque Chart is collected information from many different resources to get you as much up to date specs as possible. Gorilla provides a full-line of washers covering virtually every application. Use our database with daily updates on your website. Yes, I take out the pack and go by feel. (It is the diameter, not the radius!). Packaging Type: Bulk. Applying the proper torque to the lug nuts is crucial in wheel installation. Porsche torque specifications - Rockfordcv.com On the other forum, there is a discussion about the lug nut torque value going from 96 ft. Open end steel lug nuts. Price. Wheel nut torque - Pelican Parts Forums If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. If necessary, you can filter them by sales distribution region. - Link comes to the calculator page for comparison View library content, magazines, workshop manuals and brochures, View all upcoming events including our Regions and Registers, Celebrating the finest Porsches within the Club, Hone your driving skills with exclusive tuition experiences, Find a recommended route near you or discover somewhere new, Eton Travel Group is an independently owned, full-service travel management company, Let Eton Travel Group help you with your future trips, Close and competitive championship in a friendly atmosphere, The Porsche Classic Boxster Cup race series, Competing against the clock in sprints and hillclimbs, Reviving the Pirelli Porsche Classic series, Browse a comprehensive range of Stuttgart's finest, Members can sell their Porsche through the Club's premium platform, 911 (Watercooled) 996, 997, 991, 992, GT3. Packaging Type: Bulk. Handling: Right Hand Thread. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. He was really nice and fixed everything flawless! Quantity: 1 Piece. Under no circumstances use pneumatic or electric screwdrivers to screw in and tighten the wheel bolts. They are often made from chrome-plated steel, offering corrosion resistance. Tighten the wheel bolts or lug nuts to the specified tightening toque in a crosswise sequence using a calibrated torque wrench. all the data concerning Macan bolt pattern is derived from the official sources that were publicly listed by the Porsche. Porsche / BMW / Mercedes / Audi / Volkswagen / Saab / Volvo . Scan QR code to get our app on Google Play or AppStore: Info - Steel wheels Please take a look at the Demo to see it in action. Especially if going 150 mph. Sponsored. Color: Yellow. . I just replaced my lug nuts, & wondering what to torque to. Use our database with daily updates on your website. to 116 ft. lbs. A sales region is a global automotive region in which a vehicle was officially sold or is still being sold. Tighten the lug nut against the tool to pull. It will also loosen the lug nuts and eventually cause the wheel to fall off. Whenever you remove or reinstall a wheel on your car, the hardware must be torqued. kW - Kilowatts - Tire Pressure This will not only hold the wheel in position but will also center it correctly on the axle. Tech Q&A - Torque Settings Timing&Valve Covers | The Porsche Club - PCA You might want to watch this video on a similar P1518 Ford trouble code (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvYen40CjqY). A lug nut torque spec chart consists of the proper torque specifications for your cars wheels. Titanium or anodized aluminum lug nuts are tough. Shank Length: 0.61". - Recommended for winter 16 - diameter of the wheel (disk) in inches. Experts designed and manufactured the lug nuts to fit the thread size of the vehicles wheels studs. Porsche Club Great Britain gives no warranties, guarantees or assurances and makes no representations or recommendations regarding any goods or services advertised on this site. Bottom of control arm to body at rear. 16 - diameter of the wheel (disk) in inches. The most comprehensive tire comparison tool suitable for cars, SUVs. On a 5-lug wheel, the most common method is to work in a star pattern, starting with a top-corner lug nut. It is measured in bars or PSI (pounds per square inch). The Pitch Circle Diameter (PCD) is the diameter of the circle which passes through the centre of all the studs, wheel bolts or wheel rim holes, hp - Mechanical horsepower Lug Nut Torque Change - RennTech.org Community Overall Length: 88.90 mm. Material: Steel. Offset is the distance in millimetres from the centre line of the wheel to the wheels mounting face. 5 piece acer racing titanium lug bolt set for porsche 911 996 997 991 9912 except gt3 cayman 718 macan panamera and porsche boxster m14x15 thread and choose from 4 different . Thread Size: M14 x 1.5. Gorilla Small Diameter locks are stamped with a "G" and use a Universal E-T/Ultra Seat Acorn Bulge Closed End Lug Wheel Installation Kit by RHI Automotive. Gorilla Automotive Chrome Cone Seat Hex Socket Lug Bolt. Gloucestershire GL56 0JQ. . The world's largest wheel fitment database. Is that what I should actually use? Proper lug nut torque is vital to ensure that the wheel is properly mounted to the car. They are usually tapered to ensure wheel security. The Cayenne Manual indicates that the OEM wheel and lug nut torque value is 118ft/lb. This site, the materials, data, and the services are provided on an 'as is' basis without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. It serves as a guide to making sure you apply the right amount of force when installing the lug nuts. Gorilla also offers hard-to-find Universal Standard Mag Washers by Gorilla Automotive. . kW - Kilowatts Offset is the distance in millimetres from the centre line of the wheel to the wheels mounting face. Designed utilizing the latest technology, this product by Mopar features premium quality and will perform better than advertised. Again, do you need a torque wrench for lug nuts? Clear Filters. This is the level of maximum permissible load on one wheel Be sure you have a manual handy to guide you if youre not sure how to calibrate your torque wrench properly. See the latest updates and learn more about the Wheel Fitment API! Wheel lug torque spec - Audizine It has a very small counterbore where the lug nut perfectly fits into. The primary tools you will need in installing or replacing a lug nut are a socket wrench and a torque wrench. Torque is the measure of force that causes an object to rotate around an axis. The world's largest wheel fitment database. For a 6-lug wheel, move horizontally, starting with the bolt directly across. 55 is the ratio of profile height to width or simply 'profile'. Wheel backspace is the distance from a wheel's mounting surface to the back edge of the wheel. Great experience. At the same time, the correct lug nut seat depends on the actual wheel. Quantity: 24 Pieces. Created Date: Gorilla also offers hard-to-find Universal Keystone Offset Hole Washers by Gorilla Automotive. Hex key lug nuts provide a smooth appearance and are typically used for wheels. Drivers will know not only discover the right size for lug nuts and bolts but also find other important recommendations in our informative guide. : M12 x 1.25 20% off orders over $100* + Free Ground Shipping** Online Ship-To-Home Items Only. Gorilla provides a full-line of washers covering virtually every application. Thread Size: M14 x 1.5. Wheel backspace is the distance from a wheel's mounting surface to the back edge of the wheel. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Any kind of grease or anti-seize compound should not be applied to the threads. It is critical to apply the right amount of torque for your Macan, because any kind of vibrations may lead to the loss of the lug nuts (surely, if they were not secured in a proper way). Thread Length: 0.761". This is potentially dangerous and destructive, because it can damage the wheel, stud and lug nut, as well as warp the disc brake rotor. See the latest updates and learn more about the Wheel Fitment API! Quantity: 24 Pieces. Porsche Wheel Torque: Carrera GT 2004-05 407 ft-lbs All other models 1972-05 95 ft-lbs . Lug nuts and bolts may be used as replacement parts or with other H&R products. Your Porsche Performance Parts Center: TORQUE SPECS - LINDSEY RACING Hex Size: 3/4" and 13/16". We only used Lubro Moly LM 508 Anti Seize Compound. 85. We are currently working on improving the quality of the data for the North America region related to matching trim levels from Vehicle Configuration Database (VCdb) with our database. A main advantage of the hex key is that the finish of their outer surface wont have any damage when you install or remove them. Packaging Type: Bulk. Lindsey Racing is your 24/7/365 source for Front Engine 4 Cylinder Porsche Parts Lindsey Racing is your 24/7/365 source for Front Engine 4 Cylinder Porsche Parts . Most drive axle wheel hubs have a center axle nut that must be torqued down onto the axle shaft to a specic torque value. The widget is easy to use, it has a user-friendly interface and powerful Widget API! This guide is accurate and is updated on a daily basis. It is neither inferred nor implied that any item sold by CARiD.com is a product authorized by or in any way connected with any vehicle manufacturers displayed on this page. What to Do?]. Everything else will be visible but collapsed. I was searching for this myself. How To Properly Torque Wheel Lug Nuts/Lug Bolts - Roadkill Customs - Tire Pressure . Use of the Forum is subject to the Terms and Conditions. Trouble code P0382 means the glow plug in heater circuit B for a diesel engine has malfunctioned, often due to faulty glow plug wiring or open fuse. Porsche Macan V6-3.0L Turbo - Oil Change - Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. Flat rate pricing based on labor time and parts, Trusted mechanics, rated by thousands of happy car owners, Hand-picked, community-rated professionals, Over 25,000 topics, from beginner tips to technical guides, Check cars for recalls, common issues & maintenance costs, Optimize fleet uptime and compliance via mobile vehicle repairs, Partner with us to simplify and scale fleet maintenance, Number of Porsche Macan services completed, Porsche Macan V6-3.0L Turbo - Oil Change - Long Beach, California, James was amazing! The best practice is to gradually tighten them up to the specified torque spec in the correct sequence. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Finally, every time you try to install new wheels for the Macan, it is necessary to re-torque bolts after 50-100 miles. But if you have no experience in using one, you may overdo it and end up damaging the wheel studs. Wheel Fitment for any car, your search history, latest news about professional tire tests all in one app for: iOS and Android. UNF - Unified National Fine Thread, 215 is the tire width in mm BODY. With the same width, the larger this indicator, the higher the tire will be and vice versa If there's any doubt, get an inspection from one of our expert mechanics as soon as possible. Select Store. Here is a small lug nut torque chart to help guide you in torquing your lug nuts. Knowing the proper lug nut torque specs lets you ensure that your wheels are securely in place. The best practice is to gradually tighten them up to the specified torque spec in the correct sequence. Rating. 46. Thread Size: 1/2" x 20. However, if you do not find your torque spec. Spring strut to body . Spline drive lug nuts are used to match a specific wheel style or change its overall look. This will apply stress that may cause the wheel stud to break during tire installation or on the road. Rim width (inches) x rim diameter (inches), ISO standard Ex. The vehicle can only get the wheels with the same lug pattern. Lug Nut Torque [Specs and Spec Chart] - Road Sumo Wheel Bolts by Dorman. Thread Size: M16 x 1.5. It is possible that the MAP sensor is faulty on your vehicle. Our Wheel Size app is now available in App Store and Play Store! Support bar to chassis member. Note. This product is made of high-quality materials to Universal Chrome Cone Seat Hex Socket Lug Bolt by Gorilla Automotive. Torque Sequence: 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 ALL PORSCHE ALL OTHER MODELS Bolt Pattern: 5 X 130 Stud Size: 14 X 1.5b Hub Center Bore: 71.5 > Bolt Pattern Details and Matching Vehicles Look-up : Spacers ~ Adapters ~ Wheels/Tires Torque Sequence: 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 85 to 95 lb-ft. 8 Turns Minimum 2002 > PORSCHE BOXSTER Bolt Pattern: 5 X 108 Stud Size: 12 X 1.5b Thread size (in) - thread pitch Seat Angle: 60 Deg. Sort by . However, if you do not find your torque spec, please Contact Me and I will get you an answer and add it to the list. Quantity: 1 Piece. : M12 x 1.25 Outside Diameter: 1.062". The Pitch Circle Diameter (PCD) is the diameter of the circle which passes through the centre of all the studs, wheel bolts or wheel rim holes, hp - Mechanical horsepower The vehicle is raised and supported on jack stands, The wheels are installed and the lug nut installed by hand then only tightened enough to hold the wheel snugly, The vehicle is lowered off of the jack stands till the wheel just touches the ground and torque the lug nuts to specifications in a star pattern, The vehicle completely lowered to the ground and completed till all wheels are done. Porsche Lug Nut Size & Wheel Torque 120. and I will get you an answer and add it to the list. OE - Original Equipment Such information, advice and assistance provided by such persons is given in good faith and is based on the personal experience and knowledge of the individual concerned.
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