Negotiations resumed three weeks after Al-Sisi took office in June 2014, and an agreement was made to resume negotiations - an achievementhailed by both Egypt and Ethiopia as a new chapter in relations between Egypt and Ethiopia based on openness and mutual understanding and cooperation (Omar, 2014). With regard to the mega-dams, the Gilgel Gibe III Dam and the GERD speak volumes on the substance of Zenawis political ideology. The Ethiopian government has always availed itself of its power to transfer local populations off land it decides to declare a public resource. Given these considerations, it seems that Ethiopia has all but won the dispute. Could the Nile dispute be an opportunity to boost freshwater technology? The multi-services provided by the hydropower development and its technical advantages could be driving forces for local, regional and national development, and a catalyst for sustainable development. On March 4, 1909, the Copyright Act of 1909 became law, making infringement of a copyright a federal crime for the first time. From this round of talks, it appears that negotiations are able to move forward and address other sticking points on the agenda, such as conflict resolution mechanisms and the dams operations in the event of multi-year droughts (Al Jazeera, 2020). The piece (i) gives a brief history of the Dam; (ii) outlines the role of the Watercourses Convention; (iii) explains the significance of the Nile Waters Treaties; (iv) sets out the main legal arguments for Egypt and (v) provides the main legal arguments for Ethiopia. In March 2015, a 'Declaration of Principles' was signed by the leaders of Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia, setting the foundations for an initial cooperation. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam | International Rivers Ethiopia's determination to build a major new dam, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), for hydropower purposes has been the flashpoint of current conflicts in the Eastern Nile Basin (Gebreluel, 2014). RANE (2015). It can help the riparian states outline principles, rights, and obligations for cooperative management of the resources of the Nile. It will take between eight and ten years to fill the new dam. Despite the intense disagreements, though, Ethiopia continues to move forward with the dam, arguing that the hydroelectric project will significantly improve livelihoods in the region more broadly. Afraid that a drought might appear during the filling period, Egypt wants the filling to take place over a much longer period. However, for the reasons given above, the Nile Waters Treaties are unlikely to be considered territorial treaties. Disadvantages Slow process Could be washed to the wrong direction Start up costs Lesson 4: Long term investment, It can't cope with he propagation rate of water hyacinth. Egyptian players abroad: Mostafa Mohamed's Nantes defeated at PSG, Trezeguet.. Italy Serie A results & fixtures (25th matchday), Egypts Prosecution investigates Hoggpool, Six European nations express concern over growing violence in Palestinian territories, Egyptian Premier League fixtures (21st matchday), US official says Biden expected to tighten rules on US investment in China. The Grand Renaissance Dam and prospects for cooperation on the Eastern Nile. The $4 billion hydroelectric dam . Article IV of the DoP provides that the parties shall utilize their shared water resources in their respective territories in an equitable and reasonable manner and Article III provides that the parties shall take all appropriate measures to prevent the causing of significant harm in utilizing the Blue/Main Nile. Ethiopia can make a strong case that the operation of the Dam complies with each principle. 2. The Chinese-financed Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), despite a recent breakdown in talks on Africa's largest development project, risks powering up a range of downstream tensions and rivalries. Such a meaningful resource-sharing agreement should not only resolve the conflict over water-use rights among the riparian states, but it should help define concepts such as equitable and reasonable use and significant harm, which have been used by the downstream states in their criticisms of the GERD. Maguid, M.A. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a critical project that intends to provide hydroelectricity to support the livelihoods of millions of people in the region. Many historical grievances and distrust remain on the Ethiopian side regarding Egypt (Gebreluel, 2014), with some Ethiopian journalists assessing the 'Declaration of Principles' as being more in favour of Egypt than Ethiopia (Zegabi East Africa News, 2015). Ethiopia, whose highlands supply more than 85 percent of the water that flows into the Nile River, has long argued that it has the right to utilize its natural resources to address widespread poverty and improve the living standards of its people. Another argument Egypt might adduce concerns the DoP. A Grand New Dam on the Nile: The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Water Politics and the Gulf States: The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam The crucial leverage regarding Egypts water security lies with the Blue Nile countries Ethiopia and Sudan, as the Blue Nile is the main contributor to the Nile Rivers flow downstream. The former was initially funded by the World Bank and the European Investment Bank, but these later withdrew for legal and other reasons. The instrument was a success in terms of cooling tensions between the states which seemed increasingly likely to come to blows. In terms of the current status of talks, in 2019, US Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin began facilitating negotiations between Egypt and Ethiopia which led to some tentative progress. Four of these would potentially be located on the main river and one would eventually evolve into the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). Another impressive snippet of information is that the Government of Ethiopia is financing the entire project, along with loans mainly from China. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. What are the disadvantages of the Aswan Dam? Factbox: Key facts about Ethiopia's giant Nile dam | Reuters In contrast, other watercourse states on the Nile have lent their support to the Dam. Water scarcity is a growing problem. Why the Nile could see a 'water war'. On March 4, 1834, the town of York in the British colony of Canada was incorporated as the City of Toronto. Nile negotiations break down as Egypt, Sudan accuse Ethiopia of rejecting legally binding agreement. But with a generation capacity of 6.45GW, the Ethiopian government quoted the project as vital to the country's economic growth. Egypt had asked the UNSC to push the three countries to adhere to their obligations in accordance with the rules of international law in order to reach a fair and balanced solution to the issue of the GERD. Egypts repeated references to the rules of international law is part of an effort to maintain its so-called natural and historical rights that were established and reaffirmed by the 1929 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty and 1959 Agreement between Egypt and Sudan, respectivelytreaties many of the other involved parties reject as anachronistic and untenable. Addis Ababa launched the construction of the GERD under Zenawi, and work on it has proceeded at full steam ahead ever since. It simultaneously expects that this role will change Ethiopias international status from a country perceived as poor and dependent on foreign aid to a regional power able to provide vital resources to its surrounding region. for seepage and evaporation, but afforded no water to Ethiopia or other upstream riparian statesthe sources of most of the water that flows into the Nile. Ethiopia has never 'consumed' significant shares of the Niles water so far, as its previous political and economic fragility in combination with a lack of external financial support, due to persistent Egyptian opposition to projects upstream, prevented it from implementing large-scale projects. The Political Deadlock on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. These parallel developments appear to be elements of a bigger hydro-political strategy wherein the riparian countries aim to increase their water utilisation to put facts on the ground (and underpin legal claims based on those uses) and increase their bargaining position for renegotiations of volumetric water allocations. The current filling which is ongoing since early July 2021 has presented no issues as well. At this point, though, the GERD is nearly completed, and so Egypt has shifted its position to trying to secure a political agreement over the timetable for filling the GERDs reservoir and how the GERD will be managed, particularly during droughts. First came the 1999 Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA). Here, for the first time, Egypt recognised Ethiopias right to use the Nile for development purposes. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is a 6000 MW hydropower project on the Blue Nile, which the Ethiopian government plans to build to fulfill the country's energy needs. It provides clear benefits to all three riparian, such as flood control, reduced flood damages and sediment control. Neither the Egyptian nor the Ethiopian governments received positive domestic feedback on their agreement. grand ethiopian renaissance dam. According to present plans, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) now under construction across the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia will be the largest hydroelectric dam in Africa, and one of the 12 largest in the world. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) - ArcGIS StoryMaps First woman appointed to the Canada Supreme Court. For nearly a century, as a legacy of colonialism, Egypt enjoyed what Tekuya referred to as a hydro-hegemony over the Nile; despite Ethiopia contributing 86% to its waters. The researchers looked at the dynamic interactions between the Nile's hydrology and infrastructure and Egypt's economy. The results indicated that the negative impacts on Egyptian water resources are dominant. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is a Big Deal - BORGEN Although Egypt has persistently argued that the 1959 agreement between Egypt and Sudan is the legal framework for the allocation of the waters of the Nile, Ethiopia and other upstream riparian states reject that argument. Von Lossow, T. & Roll, S. (2015). Cooperation among the three countries has never been more important as demand for water rises, she added, due to factors such as population growth, urbanization and industrialization. For more on the background and history of these important relationships, see my book with former AGI Director Mwangi S. Kimenyi, Governing the Nile River Basin: The Search for a New Legal Regime., not be filled without a legally binding agreement, when the flow of Nile water to the dam falls below 35-40 b.c.m. Both citizens and governments should be made part of the solution to the water-related conflicts that now threaten peace and security in the Nile Basin. (2014). Nevertheless, Khartoum continues to fear that the operation of the GERD could threaten the safety of Sudans own dams and make it much more difficult for the government to manage its own development projects. Although Egypt and Sudan are likely to resist efforts to include the other upstream riparians in the negotiations or to allow a regional organization, such as the NBI, to serve as an implementing organ, they must understand that the Nile River is a regional watercourse and its management must be approached from a regional perspective. You can revoke your consent to the site operator at any time by unsubscribing from the newsletter. Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Egypt's enemy or a blessing in However, this threatens the basin's long-term sustainability (as water use expands beyond what is environmentally feasible) and suboptimal in terms of capital allocation (as higher water use upstream may make downstream projects uneconomical (Swain, 2011). River Nile dam: Why Ethiopia can't stop it being filled The IPoE report recommended two studies to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts of GERD and was interpreted by both the Egyptian and the Ethiopian government as a vindication of their respective positions. AFRICANGLOBE. Concern has focused in particular on Lake Turkana, which derives 90 per cent of its water from the Omo River on which the Gilgel Gibe III Dam was built. Second came the 2015 Declaration of Principles (DoP) which concerned the Dam specifically (rather than the Nile more broadly). Given agricultures importance to pro-poor economic growth, Egypt, which has significant experience and expertise in irrigation agriculture, can share some of that expertise with other countries in exchange for increased trade with them. Indeed, Sudan had initially opposed the Dam but changed its position in 2012 after consultations with Ethiopia. Today, however, Ethiopia is building the Grand Renaissance Dam and, with it, Ethiopia will physically control the Blue Nile Gorgethe primary source of most of the Nile waters. Crucially, however, neither Egypt nor Ethiopia are parties to the Watercourses Convention and so they are not bound by its terms. Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Downstream Countries Monday January 2, 2017. Another difficulty for Egypt is that making this argument (i.e. However, the DoP lacks these key traits, and these omissions suggest that it may simply be a non-binding declaration designed to ease political tensions and to illuminate a way forward. Typically, treaties contain provisions on the identification and function of the depositary, entry into force, adoption and so on (Article 24(4) Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)).
Thank You Note To Caregiver After Death, Topaz Preparatory Academy Bell Schedule, Montreux Jazz Festival 2022 Lineup, Bu Hockey Recruits, Ghost Fleet Trucks Jobs, Articles D